Principles and operation of GPS/DGP , Topographic maps and remote sensing images: map scale and content, image sources and interpretation methods, accuracy issues Introduction: aerial photography in the context of other remote sensing systems , Physics of light: principles of recording the image, Stereoscopy and parallax, Geometry: scale variation, relief displacement, tilts, Geometry of vertical aerial photographs: geometry, co-ordinate axes, scale, measurement, Softcopy photogrammetry, Digital elevation models, Air photo mosaics and orthophotos, Interpretation: principles and factors, Applied interpretation: geology, geomorphology, vegetation, soils, urban structures, Flight planning, API project management and implementation, Recent developments - digital aerial photographs, scanning existing photography.